MCQ
The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Q 1. Who remarked “When France Sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold”?
(a) Giuseppe Mazzini
(b) Metternich
(c) Louis Philippe
(d) Johann Gottfried
Answer :- (b) Metternich
Q 2. Which country had been party of the ‘Ottoman Empire’ since the 15th century?
(a) Spain
(b) Greece
(c) France
(d) Germany
Answer :- (b) Greece
Q 3. Which country became full-fledged territorial state in Europe in the year 1789?
(a) Germany
(b) France
(c) England
(d) Spain
Answer :- (b) France
Q 4. When was the first clear expression of nationalism noticed in Europe?
(a) 1787
(b) 1759
(c) 1789
(d) 1769
Answer :- (c) 1789
Q 5. Which of the following did the European conservatives not believe in?
(a) Traditional institution of state policy
(b) Strengthened monarchy
(c) A return to a society of pre-revolutionary days
Answer :- (c) A return to a society of pre-revolutionary days
Q 6. Name the Italian revolutionary from Genoa.
(a) Metternich
(b) Johann Gottfried
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) None of these
Answer :- (c) Giuseppe Mazzini
Q 7. Which language was spoken for purposes of diplomacy in the mid 18th century in Europe?
(a) German
(b) English
(c) French
(d) Spanish
Answer :- (c) French
Q 8. What was ‘Young Italy’?
(a) Vision of Italy
(b) Secret society
(c) National anthem of Italy
(d) None of these
Answer :- (b) Secret society
Q 9. Treaty of Constantinople recognised ………. as an independent nation.
(a) Greece
(b) Australia
(c) Italy
(d) None of the above
Answer :- (a) Greece
Q 10. Which of the following did not play a role to develop nationalist sentiments?
(a) Art
(b) Music
(c) Climate
Answer :- (c) Climate
Q 11. Who was proclaimed the King of United Italy, in 1861?
(a) Giuseppe Garibaldi
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Giuseppe Mazzini
(d) Cavour
Answer :- (b) Victor Emmanuel II
Q 12. Liberal-nationalits mainly belong to which class?
(a) Elite class
(b) Educated middle-class elite
(c) Working class
(d) Artisans
Answer :- (b) Educated middle-class elite
Q 13. Where was the first upheaval took place in July, 1803?
(a) Italy
(b) France
(c) Germany
(d) Greece
Answer :- (b) France
Q 14. The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe, after 1871, was an area called:
(a) Ottoman
(b) Prussia
(c) Balkans
(d) Macedonia
Answer :- (c) Balkans
Q 15. Which of the following was not a part of Napoleon’s defeat?
(a) Britain
(b) Australia
(c) Italy
Answer :- (c) Italy
Q 16. Which newly designed flag was chosen to replace the formal flag ‘Royal Standard’ in France?
(a) Union Jack
(b) Tricolour
(c) White Saltire
(d) Red Cross
Answer :- (b) Tricolour
Q 17. Which of the following reforms made the whole system in France more rational and efficient?
(a) Administrative reform
(b) Social reform
(c) Economic reform
(d) Political reform
Answer :- (a) Administrative reform
Q 18. Who destroyed democracy in France?
(a) Adolf Hitler
(b) Mussolini
(c) Napolean Bonaparte
(d) Bismarck
Answer :- (c) Napolean Bonaparte
Q 19. Which region is ruled over by ‘The Habsburg Empire’?
(a) Austria-Hungary
(b) France-Netherlands
(c) Spain-Portugal
(d) Scotland-Ireland
Answer :- (a) Austria-Hungary
Q 20. What was the main occupation in the mid 18th century in Europe?
(a) Trade and commerce
(b) Peasantry
(c) Craftmanship
(d) All of the above
Answer :- (b) Peasantry
Q 21. What was the main feature of the pattern of land holding prevailing in the Eastern and Central Europe?
(a) Tenants
(b) Vast estates
(c) Small owners
(d) Landlords
Answer :- (b) Vast estates
Q 22. Which country began to use language as a weapon of national resistance?
(a) Poland
(b) Prussia
(c) Hungary
(d) Austria
Answer :- (a) Poland
Q 23. What major issue was criticised against by the liberal nationalists?
(a) Censorship laws to control the press
(b) Preservation of the Church
(c) A modern army
(d) Efficient bureaucracy
Answer :- (d) Efficient bureaucracy
Q 24. German philosopher, Johann Gottfried clamined that true German culture was to be discovered among the:
(a) Common people
(b) Aristocratic
(c) Middle class elite
(d) None of above
Answer :- (a) Common people
Q 25. The meaning of ‘Volksgeist’:
(a) Common people
(b) Spirit of the nation
(c) Music
(d) None of above
Answer :- (b) Spirit of the nation
Q 26. The place where the priests and bishops were punished.
(a) Siberia
(b) Tundra
(c) Mongolia
(d) None of above
Answer :- (a) Siberia
FILL IN THE BLANK
1. The Act of Union of 1707 was between ………. and ………. .
Answer :- England and Scotland
2. Jacob clubs were the ………. .
Answer :-Political Clubs
3. When conservative regimes were restored to power, many liberal minded people went underground because of the fear of ………. .
Answer :- Repression
4. ………. allegory represent the nation of France.
Answer :- Marianne
5. ………. were the most serious nationalist tension in Europe after 1871.
Answer :- Balkans
TRUE/FALSE
1. In Britain, formation of a nation-state was a long parliamentary process.
Answer :- True
2. Jacobin clubs influenced German Army.
Answer :- False
3. The Napoleonic Bode upheld reforms and equality.
Answer :- True
4. From 1848, Prussia took on the leadership of the movement of national unification.
Answer :- True
5. Mazzini was a great revolutionary leader of Romanian.
Answer :- False
ASSERTION AND REASON
DIRECTION :- Mark the option which is most suitable :-
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
1. Assertion :- Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian princely house.
Reason :- The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
Answer :- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
EXPLANATION :- Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely hopse. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs and the southern regions were under the domination of The Bourbon kings of Spain. Therefore assertion is true but reason is false.
2. Assertion :- Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
Reason :- They were closely bound to each other inspite of their autonomous rule.
Answer :- (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
EXPLANATION :- Germany, Italy land Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. Diverse people lived within the territories. They did not share a collective identity or a common culture. They spoke different languages belonged to different ethnic groups, were were no close ties binding them.
3. Assertion :- Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason :- Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
Answer :- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
EXPLANATION :- Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives. Italy had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations/ It could not be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. Thus both assertion and reason are false.
4. Assertion :- Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.
Reason :- Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against contractors who supplied raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
Answer :- (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
EXPLANATION :- Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings. The year 1848 was a year when rise in food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country. Earlier in 1845, a large crowd of weavers emerged from their homes and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages and led a revolt. Therefore, both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
5. Assertion :- From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices like the idea of la patrie and le citoyen.
Reason :- This was done to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
Answer :- (a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
EXPLANATION :- The French Revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the French Revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that would create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The centralised administrative system was one of the measures taken for making uniform laws for all citizens within its territory.
6. Assertion :- The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
Reason :- The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country.
Answer :- (b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
EXPLANATION :- This situation refers to the unification of Britain, Assertion refers to Scotland and how they suffered because of the long-drawn-out process. Their culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed. However, the reason refers to how the Irishmen suffered in the hands of Englishmen as it was a country deeply divided between the Catholics and Protestants. It was largely a Catholic country but the Protestants got support from the English to suppress the Catholic revolts. It does not explain the assertion.
7. Assertion :- On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives revolted in the Frankfurt parliament.
Reason :- The elected representatives revolted against the issue of extending political rights to women.
Answer :- (d) Both assertion and reason are false.
EXPLANATION :- On 18 May 1848, 831 elected representatives marched in a festive procession to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul. The issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement, in which large numbers of women had participated actively over the years. Therefore, both assertion and reason are false.