Eve of Independence (British Rule in India) MCQ

Basic Purpose of British Rule

Question.  Before British colonization, India was known as ___________________

Answer:     “Sone ki Chidiya” or “The Golden Bird”

Question.  ________________  called the Grand Old Man of India, was the pioneer in this field. He prepared the first estimates of National income in 1876

Answer:    Dadabhai Naoroji

Question.  In 1947-48, per capita income was ________ . People were poor.

Answer:    Rs. 230

Question.   A system of political and social relations between two countries of which one is the ruler and the other is its colony is referred to as _________

Answer:  Colonialism.

Question.  The book written by Dadabhai Naoroji was ________

Answer: Poverty and Un-British Rule in India

Note :- Dadabhai Naoroji put forward a theory in 1867 which he called ‘drain of wealth’ in which he mentioned that Britain was taking away wealth from India. He had exposed this exploitation of the British in his book.

Dadabhai Naoroji was often referred to as the Grand Old Man of India. He was the first Indian person to become a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom House of Commons in Britain. Dadabhai in his book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India focused on the drain of wealth from India during the British rule.

Question.  If Britain was the ruling imperial power, India, was it’s?

Answer: India was a British Colony.

Question.  The average annual growth rate of national income and per capita income in India was ______and _________ approximately(Eve of independence )

Answer:   2.0% and 0.5%

Question.  Name a few individuals who tried to estimate colonial India’s per capita income.

Answer: Some individuals like Dadabhai Naoroji, R.C. Desai, Findlay Shirras, V.K.R.V. Rao, and William Digby tried to estimate such figures.

Question.  Name of person who made the most notable attempt to calculate India’s national income during the British rule in India on the eve of independence.

Answer : Dadabhai Naoroji made the first attempt to calculate India’s national income.

Question.  What is GDP?

Answer: Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished commodities and services manufactured within a nation’s frontiers in a particular time period. Though GDP is normally measured on an annual basis, it can be computed on a quarterly basis as well.

Question.  The first person to adopt a scientific procedure in estimating the national income was _________ in 1931

Answer:    Dr. V.K.R.V. Rao

Note :- The history of Indian national income estimates goes back to 1876 when Dadabhai Naoroji made the first crude estimates for the year 1867-68.

Question.  Prior to the establishment of British rule, which of the following was True for the Indian economy: –

a) India had an independent economy and flourishing markets;
b) Livelihood of Indian people was mainly based on agriculture
c) Indian Handicrafts, textile industries and metallic work enjoyed a worldwide market
d) All of the above

Answer: the correct option is D; All of the above statements are true with regard to the question

Question  During British period, Indian Economy was:

(A) Semi-feudal economy.         (B) Disintegrated economy.      (C) Colonial economy.                (D) All of the above.

Answer:  Option (D) is correct.

Question  During British regime, which one of the following works was not performed?

(A) Establishment of railways      (B) Establishment of telephone system    (C) Establishment of wire-less system        (D) Establishment of Metro in Delhi                                                                                                                                                                                                 Answer:  Option (D) is correct.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Explanation: The construction of the Delhi Metro began in 1998 and Delhi metro started in December, 2002.

Question  In British India, cloth industry was concentrated at                                                                                                                                                            (A) Ahmedabad        (B) Hyderabad            (C) Bengaluru          (D) Ghaziabad                                                                                                                                      Answer. Option (A) is correct.                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Explanation: The cloth industry during British India was concentrated at Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The textile industry of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India has a history since the the 19th century. The Indian cloth industry was considered from the very ancient times as one of the finest industries of the world.

Question.   First attempt to estimate the National Income in India during British period was made by :

(A) Findlay Shirras        (B) William Digby          (C) Dadabahi Naoroji       (D) V.K.R.V. Rao                                                                                                              Answer: Option (C) is correct                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji was the first to estimate the country’s per capita national income during the British rule for the year 1888.

True/False

Question.  India was a prosperous and wealthy economy prior to the advent of British rule.

Answer: True

Question.  The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were concerned more with the protection and promotion of the economic interests of India.

Answer: False

Question.  The contribution of the new industrial sector to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded significantly during British rule.

Answer: False

Question.  The East India Company established power in Bengal after the First Battle of Panipat in 1526.

Answer: False, the East India Company established power in Bengal after the Battle of Plassey, in 1757.

Agriculture sector at the time of Independence British Rule in India

Question.  Before British rule, Agriculture was the main source of __________ for most people

Answer    livelihood

Question. The _________ (Agriculture/ External) sector had the largest share of workforce.

Answer: Agriculture

Question. The Indian economy was a/an _______ economy at the time of independence

Answer: Agrarian

Question. Prior to Independence, India was an _______

Answer: Agrarian

Question. The introduction of _________ saw the drain of profits from small farmers to Zamindars in Bengal.

Answer: Zamindari system

Question.  Production of large amount of cash crops for the purpose of export, is termed as ?

Answer. Commercialization of Agriculture is the production of large amount of cash crops during the British rule for sufficing the export of crops.

Question. The main reason for stagnation in the agricultural sector during the British rule was?

Answer: Agriculture was mainly stagnated during that time due to the introduction and implementation of Land settlement systems by the British Government.

Question. What was the main occupation of people in the pre-independent India.

Answer: Agriculture was the main occupation of people in pre-independent.

Question. When did the commercialization of agriculture begin in India?

Answer: The commercialization of agriculture began in India during the British Rule.

Question.  Mahalwari system: It covered_____of the area under the British rule – Major parts of NWFP, central provinces, and Punjab.

Note :- The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP)

Answer: 30%

Question. What do you mean by stagnant agriculture?
Answer: Stagnant agriculture implies incrementally low agricultural product.

Question.  Define subsistence agriculture.
Answer: Subsistence agriculture refers to growing food for self-consumption and not for sale in the market.

Question.  Which activities is included in the primary sector?

Answer: Agriculture

Question.  Zamindari system: On an average, it covered  ____ of the total area under the British rule – Benaras, NWFP divisions, Bihar, and Bengal.

Answer: 19%

Question.  Ryotwari system: It covered about _____ of the area under the British rule – Madras, Bombay, and Assam.

Answer: 51%

Question. Write a note on the zamindari system in India.

Answer: Zamindari system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in India in the year 1793 via the Permanent Settlement Act (PSA). It was introduced in the provinces of Varanasi, Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa. The zamindars were considered and recognised as the landlords as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly.

British primarily adopted three types of land tenure systems, namely: Zamindari system, Ryotwari system, Mahalwari system

Question. Zamindari system was a? (land settlement system/state-ruling system). Choose between the two.

Answer: Land-settlement system

Question.  Name any two commercial crops.
Answer: Cotton, jute and sugarcane are commercial crops.

True/False

Question.  Commercialization of cash crops added to the improvement in the conditions of the small farmers.

Answer: False, the profits from Commercialization of cash crops added to the luxuries of the Britishers and not Indian farmers. The Indian farmers rather suffered losses due to the low production of food crops and more cash crops.

Question   Which of the following statements is not true about the agricultural sector at the time of independence?

(A) The agricultural produce was highly affected by Zamindari system. (B) There were a large number of landless and bonded labours.                              (C) The yield per hector was very less.   (D) There was heavy mechanisation of agriculture.                                                                                                              Answer:  Option (D) is correct.

Explanation   Farmers had not enough means to undertake mechanised methods of cultivation.

Industrial sector at the time of Independence British Rule in India

Question. The fields of ___________ etc. came up after the Second World War

Answer      Sugar, Cement, Paper

Question.  Due to the limited growth of the __________  and the lopsided industrial structure, the growth of the modern industry was slow

Answer     PSEs (Public Sector Enterprise)

Note : The difference between a PSU and PSE is that in PSU 51% or more shares hold by the government, whereas in PSE, the government holds 100% shares.

Question. Trading structure with Britain had an adverse effect on India’s _______

Answer     handicrafts

Question.   _________ (Handicrafts/ Coal) Industry suffered the most due to de-industrialization.

Answer: handicrafts

Question.  The distribution of the working population in different sectors of the economy offers a glimpse of ______ structure.

Answer: Occupational

Question.  Indian economy served as a source of _______ for the British industry and a market for its finished goods.

Answer:    Raw material

Question.  Apart from Cotton which other textile industry saw its advancement in parts of India during the British rule?

a) Jute      b) Sugar      c) Paper        d) Tea

Answer Jute textile industries saw its advancement in parts of Bengal along with cotton in the west. therefore, the correct option is A.

Question. TISCO (The Tata Iron and Steel Company ) was established in India in the year?

Answer   1907

Question.  Where was the first iron and steel company established?

Answer      Jamshedpur

Question.  Name the popular fields of Indian handicrafts industry.
Answer:     The popular fields of Indian handicrafts industry were cotton and silk textiles, metal and precious stone works, etc,

Question.   Name the industries which were in operation in our economy at the time of independence.
Answer:     Handicrafts industries, metal and precious stone works, cotton and jute textile mills, iron and steel industries were in operation in our economy at the time of Independence.

Question.  What was the impact of decline of the indigenous handicraft industries?
Answer:  The impact of the decline of the indigenous handicraft industries was massive unemployment and shortage of locally made goods in India.

Question. De-industrialization was a major setback pertaining to which Indian Industry?

Answers: De-industrialization is related to the breakdown of Handicrafts industry in India.

Question. In how many sectors is the occupational structure of India is divided?
Answer:    Three

Question.  Define occupational structure.
Answer:    Occupational structure is the distribution of the population according to the occupations in different sectors of the economy.

Question. What is muslin?

Answer:  Muslin is considered as one of the best fabrics that are available today. It is the softest and purest fabric across the globe. It originated years ago, and it got the name from a British Indian Port known as Maisolos.

Question. In which century did the iron and steel industries begin?

Answer:  20th century

Question. Which industries were adversely affected during the partition of India?

Answer:  The textile and jute industries

Question.  Where was the muslin type of cotton textile found in India?
Answer:     The muslin type of cotton textile had its origin in Bengal, particularly, places in and around Dhaka (known as Dacca before partition), now the capital city of Bangladesh.

Question. Define capital goods.
Answer:   Capital goods are those goods which are producer’s fixed assets and are used in the production of other goods and services.

Question. What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic deindustrialization affected by the Britishers in pre independent India?

Answer:  The primary motive behind the de-industrialisation by the British government was two- fold; (i) To get raw materials from India at cheap rate and thus to reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials to the British industries; (ii) To sell British manufactured goods in Indian market at higher prices.

True/False

Question.  The main motive behind De-industrialization was to improve India’s economic condition.

Answer: False, the main motive was to reduce India to mere suppliers of Raw materials.

Question. The rulers wanted to establish a market for German finished goods in India.

Answer: False, the British rulers wanted to establish a market for British finished products in India

Question.  The colonial rule destroyed India’s traditional handicraft industry.

Answer: True

Question.  Which of the following statements is not true about the industrial sector at the time of independence?

(A) Industrialisation of Indian Handicraft Industry roes  (B) One sided modern industrial structure  (C) Lack of capital goods industries                             (D) Limited operation of public sector                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer:  Option (A) is correct.

Explanation: Traditional handicraft industries started declining in the 18th century and proceeded rapidly almost to the beginning of  19th century. This process is called as de-industrialisation.

Condition of foreign trade under British Rule in India

Question. The opening of the _________ facilitated British trade with India after the year _________

Answer:  Suez Canal and 1869

Question. Worldwide high standards of ___________ were seen in all __________ from India

Answer:  craftsmanship, imports

Question.  During the period prior to the Independence, which of the following country was India’s largest trading partner?

a) Britain       b) China       c) Brazil       d) America

Answer: The correct option is A; the maximum amount of Indian raw materials was exported to Britain

Question.  With reference to Industrial sector state the correct combination of statements.

1. British wanted to reduce India to a mere supplier of raw materials
2. India was a market for British finished goods.
3. Improvement was the basis of Indian Economy due to the improvement of Industries

a) 1 only  b) 1 and 2 only    c) All of the above     d) 3 only

Answer: the correct option is B, as statement 3 is incorrect, there was no signs of improvement of the Industry.

Question.   Name two items each of export and import during British rule.
Answer:  The items of export were:

• Raw silk
• Cotton
• Sugar
• Indigo

The items of import were:

• Silk
• Woollen Clothes
• Light machinery

Question. How did the export surplus lead to an economic drain of wealth during colonial rule?

Answer: The extra money that they received from exports was used by them to meet their expenses. For example :- In paying military payments, or the income of British residents and officers in India, and thus this amount went from our country to Britain.

.Question. Define foreign trade.
Answer: Foreign trade is exchange of capital goods and services across international borders or territories.

Question.  Mention one significance of the Suez Canal.

Answer: The Suez Canal was opened in the year 1869, which drastically reduced the cost of transportation of goods between Britain and India.

Question.  What is import?
Answer: An import is a good brought into a jurisdiction, especially across a national border, from an external source.

Question.  Name the countries with which India used to trade during British Rule.
Answer: More than 50 percent of India’s trade was confined to Britain. Other countries with which India used to trade were China, Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Persia (Iran).

Question. What is the export surplus?

Answer: The total amount of goods and services that a nation exports which is in excess of the commodities and services that it imports is known as the export surplus.

Question. What do you mean by exports?

Answer: The term exports mean shipping the goods and services out of the port of a country.

Question.What is the tax or duty on imports called?

Answer: Tariff

True/False

Question.  India was reduced to an importer of primary products.

Answer:    False

Question.  Small amount of exports was done to countries like China and Ceylon apart from large amounts going to Britain.

Answer:  True

The demographic profile during the British rule in India)

Question.  India’s first official census was undertaken in _________

Answer: 1881

Question.  One of the Social development Indicators, __________ (literacy rate/ infant mortality rate) was at 16% on the eve of Independence.

Answer: literacy rate

Question.  1881 was the first ________ (census year/ year of great divide) for India.

Answer: Census year

Note : From 1981 to 1921 India was belong to I-phase of demographic transition and II-Phase was started from 1921

 Question  India entered the________ stage of Demographic Transition after the year 1921.

(A) forth (B) second(C) third (D) first

Answer   Option (B) is correct.

Explanation: The first stage of demographic transition was experienced in India, during the period of 1891-1921.

Question.  The first Census year of British India was?

Answer: The first Census data was collected on 1881.

Question. What is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1000 live births known as? (answer in one sentence)

Answer:  Infant Mortality Rate

Question. Which was the year of ‘great Divide’ for India?

Answer: 1921 was the year of great divide, as the year saw major shift in the population of India. Therefore, the correct option is D.

Question.  What was the IMR (Infant mortality rate) during British India?

Answer: It was 218 per 1000.

Question. When was the first census data compiled during the British Raj?

Answer: 1881

Question. Census data gives the information about a country’s?  (Population/ poverty) Choose the correct answer

Answer: Population

Question.  What was the growth rate of per capita income in India on the eve of Independence?

Answer: 0.5%

Question.  What was the life expectancy during British India, and what is it today?

Answer:  As per the government-issued data, the life expectancy during British India was 32 years, and it is 68 years today.

Question.  Social development Indicators like Life expectancy rate and Infant mortality rates were seen deteriorating during the time prior to Indian independence

Answer:  True

Condition of Infrastructure at the time of Independence (British Rule in India)

Question.  The country’s growth of aggregate real output was less than ______ during the first half of the twentieth century.

Answer:  Two percent

Question.  ______ were developed by the British raj as a means to enlarge the size of the market for the British goods.

Answer: Railways

Question. The British introduced the railways in India in _______

Answer:  1853

Question. The ________ sector accounted for 17.2 0R 18% percent of the working population on the eve of Independence.

Answer: tertiary/service

Question.  The year 1853 was important in the history of India for?

a) Introduction of Road Transport  b) Introduction of Railway    c) Introduction of ships    d) Introduction of Bullock carts.

Answer: The year 1853 witnessed the introduction of railways in India, therefore, the correct option is B.

Question.   Write the percentage of population engaged in different sectors of the economy on the eve of independence?
Answer : Primary Sector – 72.7 percent         Secondary Sector – 10.1 percent        Tertiary Sector – 17.2 percent

Question.  When were the railways introduced in India?

Answer: 1853 (Passenger  train)   (Proposal in 1832)

Question. What are the changes that railway has brought in India?

Answer: The notion of railways was raised in the early 1830s. The British had initiated the linking of the three ports of Madras, Bombay, and Kolkata by a railway line. It certainly helped India in coping with the cultural and geographical barriers, and the people could travel long distances.

The country’s first train, Red Hill Railway (built by Arthur Cotton to transport granite for road-building), ran from Red Hills to the Chintadripet bridge in Madras in 1837.

Question.  What are the changes that railway has brought in India?

Answer: The notion of railways was raised in the early 1832. The British had initiated the linking of the three ports of Madras, Bombay, and Kolkata by a railway line. It certainly helped India in coping with the cultural and geographical barriers, and the people could travel long distances.

Question. What was the % of labour that was employed in the manufacturing and service sector in pre-independent India?

Answer: 10%(10.1) of the workforce was engaged in manufacturing and 18% (17.2)was engaged in the service sector.

Question.  What was the state of country’s real output during the first half of the twentieth century?
Answer:     The country’s growth of aggregate real output was less than two percent during the first half of the twentieth century.

SOME OTHER QUESTIONS:-

Question. Tata Airlines established in the year?
A. 1932     B. 1931       C. 1930        D. 1953
Answer:  A

Question. Cotton textile mills were mainly located in (British Rule in India)
A. South       B. North       C. Western       D. Eastern
Answer: C

Question. Cotton textile mills were dominated by
A. None      B. Britishers      C. Foreigners      D. Indians
Answer: D

Question._______ refers to relative distribution of a country’s workforce among various sectors of economic activity
A. Demographic structure  B. Income structure    C. Occupational structure     D. None of these
Answer: C

Question. Industrial sector creates infrastructure which helps in growth of
A. Primary    B. Tertiary     C. Secondary   D. All of these
Answer:  D

Question. Which of the following is false regarding Positive effect of British rule was
A. Provision of post and telegraph service     B. Monopoly on foreign trade        C. Development of ports       D. Provide transport facilities
Answer: B

Question. What was the percent growth of per capita income in a year during first half of 20th century.
A. 1%    B. .5%   C. 2%   D. None
Answer: B

Question. Death rate and birth rate at the time of independence was
A. High birth rate and Low death rate    B. Low birth rate and low death rate    C. Low birth rate and high death rate   D. High birth rate and high death rate
Answer: D

Question. What was the percentage of population dependent directly or indirectly on agriculture
A. 85                 B. 60                   C. 75                     D. 65
Answer: A

Question. The theory of demographic transition has _______stages.
A. 2          B. 3          C. 4                    D. 5
Answer: C

Question. Which of the following statement is true regarding the condition of Infrastructure
A. Balanced regional development in infrastructure in all areas   B. Barter system was still prevailing    C. Development in the area of transport and communication      D. No developments in the areas of roads and railways
Answer: C

Question. Jute industries were located in
A. Maharashtra     B. Rajasthan     C. Gujarat         D. Bengal
Answer: D

Question.Who made significant estimates about calculating national income in India during the British period?
A. V.K.R.V. Rao       B. Dadabhai Naoroji         C. Findlay Shirras        D. William Digby
Answer: A

Question. In order to bring stability in Agriculture the Britishers introduced land settlement in 1773. Where was it first introduced?
A. fertile lands of Punjab province    B. Bombay province   C. all directly British ruled areas    D. Bengal        E) none of these.
Answer: D

Question. Which of the following(s) is/are cause(s) of slow growth of private enterprises in India’s industrialization (1850-1957)?
A. Unimaginative private enterprise, short-sighted Indian industrialists.   B. complete absense of financial institutions to help transfer of savings to industrial investment.    C. Banking was not highly developed & was more concerned with commerce rather than industry.   D. Lack of support from British government         E. all of these
Answer: E

Question.  The secondary sector accounted for only 10.1 percent of the working population on the eve of independence.(British Rule in India)

Answer: True

Question.  The aim of developing postal and telegraph was to enhance the efficiency of British administration.

Answer: True

 Match the following.

Question 

Column-I	Column-II
1. Primary sector	(A) Manufacturing sector
2. Secondary sector	(B) Service sector
3. Tertiary sector	(C) Agriculture sector
4. Introduction of Railway in India	(D) 1921
5. First official Census in India	(E) 1820
6. Year of Great Divide	(F) 1881

Answer:

Column-I	Column-II
1. Primary sector	(C) Agriculture sector
2. Secondary sector	(A) Manufacturing sector
3. Tertiary sector	(B) Service sector
4. Introduction of Railway in India	(E) 1853
5. First official Census in India	(F) 1881
6. Year of Great Divide	(D) 1921

 

Question.  State the correct combination between the following columns

Answer:

A. a-4, b-5, c-1, d-2, e-3
B. b-3, c-2, d-1, a-4, e-5
C. a-2, b-5, c-1, d-3, e-4

Question   Match the items in Column A to that of Column B and choose the correct alternative

Column A	Column B
1. Commercialisation of agriculture	(a) Monopoly con-trol of Britain
2. Industrial Develop-ment during British rule	(b) Payment of land revenue in cash
3. Foreign Trade on the eve of independence	(c) Rising share of Indian capital
4. Infrastructure on the eve of independence	(d) Served the Brit-ish interest

(A) 1 (a)        (B) 2 – (b)        (C) 3 – (c)           (D) 4 – (d)                                                                                                                       

Answer:   Option (D) is correct.

Explanation: During the British rule, some basic infrastructure was developed in the form of railways, water transport, ports, post and telegraph, etc. I However, the real intension behind these developments was to serve their own colonial interest.

Question  From the set of statements given in Column A and Column B, choose the correct pair of statement

Column A	Column B
1. Railway proposal in India	(a) 1853
2. First Indian Census	(b) 1881
3. Second stage of Demographic	(c)1832
4. First Train in India	(d) 1921

(A) 1- (a)  (B) 2 – (b)  (C) 3 – (c)     (D) 4 – (d)

Answer:  Option (B) is correct.

Explanation: Formal and modern census, as they are now, were conducted non-synchronously between between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort which ends in 1872 has been called the first census in India. However, the first synchronous census in India was held in 1881.

Question   Match the items in column A to that of Column B and choose the correct option:

column A	Column B
1. Agricultural Sector’s share in workforce	(a) 10%
2.workforce in manufacturing sector	(b) 16%
3.population living in rural areas	(c) 75%
4. Literacy rate	(d) 72%

(A) 1— (a)         (B) 2 — (b)        (C) 3 — (c)       (D) 4 — (d)

 Answer: Option (B) is correct.

Question. Read the following statements relating to industrial sector during British rule and choose the correct sequence
of these statements.
(i) Cheap imports of British manufactured goods increased in the country.
(ii) The growth rate of Industrial sector was very small.
(iii) India was reduced to be mere exporter of raw material.
(iv) India faced shortage of locally made goods.
Alternatives:
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(c) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i) (d) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
Answer: (d) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)

Question. Read the following statements relating to foreign trade during British rule and choose the correct sequence of
these statements.
(i) India was exporter of products like raw silk, cotton etc.
(ii) Britain maintained monopoly control over India’s foreign trade.
(iii) India generated large export surplus
(iv) Exports did not result in any flow of wealth into the country.
Alternatives:
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) (b) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(c) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv) (d) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
Answer: (c) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)

Question. Read the following statements relating to demographic condition of India during British Rule and choose the  correct sequence of these statements.
(i) Overall mortality rate was very high
(ii) Water and airborne diseases were rampant
(iii) Public health services were either unavailable or were inadequate
(iv) Infant mortality was at alarming level
Alternatives:
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(b) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)
(c) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
(d) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
Answer: (b) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv)

Question. Arrange the following events of India before the independence in chronological order:
(i) The opening of the Suez Canal
(ii) Introduction of the railways
(iii) Second stage of demographic transition
(iv) Incorporation of the Tata Iron and Steel Company
Answer: (ii), (i), (iv), (iii)

Question. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869:
(a) Raised the cost of transportation between Britain and India.
(b) Intensified British control over India’s foreign trade.
(c) Reduced the cost of transportation and made access to the Indian market easier.
(d) Both (b) and (c)
Answer: (d) Both (b) and (c)

Question. India’s demographic condition on the eve of independence was characterised by :
(a) High level of literacy, high mortality rates, high life expectancy and high level of poverty.
(b) Low level of literacy, low mortality rates, low life expectancy and Low level of poverty.
(c) Low level of literacy, low mortality rates, high life expectancy and high level of poverty.
(d) Low level of literacy, high mortality rates, low life expectancy and high level of poverty.
Answer: (d) Low level of literacy, high mortality rates, low life expectancy and high level of poverty.

Directions : In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a, statement of Reason (R) Mark the correct choice as:     

(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct  explanation of the assertion  (A).

(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).

(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason(R) is false.

(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason(R) is true.

Question Assertion (A): India became an exporter of primary products and an importer of finished consumer and capital goods produced in Britain.                                                                                                                                                                                                      Reason (R): Restrictive policies of commodity production, trade and tariff pursued by the colonial government adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade.
Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

Question. Read the following statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given  below:
Assertion (A): Britishers destroyed indigenous handicraft market in India Reason (R) : India was made market for British  manufactured products Alternatives:
Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Question. Read the following statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given   below :
Assertion (A): During British rule, India saw huge drain of wealth.

Reason (R): India generated large export surplus during  the period.       

Answer: (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R)
is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).

Question. Read the following statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given   below:
Assertion (A): During the British colonial rule in India, Britishers built roads extensively to cover the nation.
Reason (R): Roads were built by Britishers primarily to mobilise army.
Answer: (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Question. 
Assertion (A): India became an exporter of primary products and an importer of  finished consumer and capital goods produced in Britain.
Reason (R): Restrictive policies of commodity production, trade and tariff pursued by the colonial government adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade.

Answer  a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A)

Question. 
Assertion (A): India become self-reliant in the agricultural production after introducing green revolution.
Reason(R): shortage of food grains due to drought and lack of irrigation facilities in the early 1960’s.
Answer a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A)

Question. Read the following statements Assertion(A) and Reason(R). Choose one of the correct  alternatives given below :
Assertion(A) ack of training in farming activity leads to low productivity and growth of agriculture in India.
Reason(R).Reforms in India focused upon development of industries which was failed to generate enough employment.
Answer  (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason(R) is true.

Question.  Assertion (A): India became an exporter of primary products and an importer of finished consumer and capital goods produced in Britain.                                                                                                                                                                                          Reason (R): Restrictive policies of commodity production, trade and tariff pursued by the colonial government adversely affected the structure, composition and volume of India’s foreign trade.
Ans. Option (A) is correct.

Question   Assertion (A): During colonial period, India’s export trade was export surplus.

Reason (R): During colonial period, India’s export were more than its import.

Answer  a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A)

Explanation: British policies made Indian handicrafts more expensive and its global demand declining sharply. As a result, the export basket of India during the colonial period contained major products such as sugar, jute, raw silk, indigo, wool, etc. and finished imports for consumers such as cotton silk and wool garments and large goods such as light machines from Britain. India has registered a large export balance during the colonial period.

Question.  Assertion (A): Indian economy was source of raw material for British industries.                                                                                      Reason (R): During colonial period, the raw materials were exported from India to Britain to be used in the industry.

Answer:  a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion(A)

British Rule in India